The Physiological Effects of Stress: A System on Alert
When the body is confronted with stress, whether it be psychological or physical, it triggers a cascade of physiological manifestations. At the core of this phenomenon is cortisol, a steroid hormone essential for regulating metabolism, the immune system, and the inflammatory response.
Stress triggers the release of hormones in various regions of the brain. Some of these hormones then migrate to the adrenal glands, triggering the production of cortisol. This increase in cortisol production is an adaptive response of the body to cope with stressful situations.
Cortisol plays a central role in modulating the immune and inflammatory response. It can regulate immune system activity, which, during acute stress situations, can be beneficial in preventing an excessive body reaction. This process also directs energy towards other parts of the organism mobilized to respond to the threat, notably the cardiovascular system. However, in the case of chronic stress, this continuous regulation of the immune system can lead to an increased susceptibility to health problems.
In summary, it is important to note that cortisol can temporarily reduce inflammation in acute stress situations. However, when secreted chronically due to a state of stress or anxiety, it can result in prolonged dysfunction of the immune response and an increase in systemic inflammation.