Flexibility: A Frequently Neglected Component of Physical Fitness
Flexibility, from an anatomical perspective and in the context of physical activity, refers to the ability of the muscle and connective tissues surrounding a joint to stretch and move within a given range of motion. It is often measured by the joint’s capacity to perform movements in various directions without encountering restrictions or pain.
What Are the Factors that Influence Flexibility?
Flexibility is the result of various factors, including the anatomical structure of joints (mobile, semi-mobile, etc.), the elastic properties of muscles, tendons, and ligaments, among others. Beyond these anatomical and physiological factors, joint flexibility and mobility are also influenced by lifestyle and health. In this regard, here are the factors that impact it:
Age
Joint flexibility tends to decrease with aging. Connective tissues such as tendons and ligaments lose their elasticity, leading to a reduction in the range of motion. This is primarily explained by a decrease in the hydration of these tissues.
Levels of Physical Activity
An active lifestyle and regular exercise can contribute to the maintenance and improvement of joint flexibility. Muscles tend to retain their flexibility when frequently engaged.
Body Temperature
Muscles exhibit greater flexibility when the body temperature is elevated. Hence, it is recommended to perform warm-up exercises before engaging in activities requiring flexibility, as this promotes blood circulation and increases body temperature.
Hydration
Adequate hydration is essential for the health of connective tissues. Well-hydrated joints are better equipped to maintain optimal flexibility.
Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions, such as osteoarthritis, can affect joint flexibility due to associated inflammation and stiffness.
Sedentary Lifestyle
Maintaining a sedentary lifestyle can contribute to joint stiffness. Prolonged periods of sitting can lead to a decrease in flexibility, especially in the muscles of the lower back, hips, and legs.